Flight controller for automatic pilot



Oct. 21, 1952 F. H. S. ROSSIRE FLIGHT CONTROLLER FOR AUTOMATIC PILOT 3 SheeesSheet 1 Filed Feb. 17, 1947 INVENTOR E HENHY 5 8055/95 ATTORNEY fi $2412. o mum 056 P m ZQNEQ: :1 J N I ll 5 lw n: J ":1- m n Fi J m Fll m 6mm Eur-31E WQEEOU O 1952 F. H. s. ROSSIRE 2,614,776

FLIGHT CONTROLLER FOR AUTOMATIC PILOT Filed Feb. 1'7, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR- v HEN/7) 5 FUSE/HE ZZ W ' ATTORNEY 1952 F. H.' s. ROSSIRE FLIGHT CONTROLLER FOR AUTOMATIC PILOT 5 Sheets-Sheet? Filed Feb. 17, 1947 INVENTOR E HEN/7) 5.5U55/HE ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 21, 1952 FLIGHT CONTROL LER FORAUTOMATI'C' PILOT Francis Henry S. l'tossire, Leonia, N. J., assignor to Bendix Aviation Corporation,

Teterboro,

N. J a corporation of Delaware Application February 17, 1947, Serial No.'729,019

6 Claims. 1

This invention relates generally to automatic pilot or steering systems for mobile craft and more particularly to novel automatic trim and/or turn provision therefor and as such constitutes an improvement over the automatic trim and/or turn control unit of copending application Serial No. 604,861, filed July 13, 1945, which issued a'sPa-t. No. 2,516,641 onJuly 25, 1959.

In commercial flights and especially in flights of a military character where automatic steering systems are utilized it is essential that changes in the direction and attitude of an aircraft may be brought about rapidly and. with aminimum of required manual operations. In military maneuvers particularly where split second operation is required, it is undesirable to be confronted witha series of separate control mem. bers whose selective operation is required to bring about a change in direction and :attitude. Obviously, therefore, it is important to be able to make the desired maneuvers such as bank, turn, climb or dive, for example, by theman'ipulation of but a single operatingmeans or handle.

Automatic turn control units for automatic steering systems for aircraft have been :provided whereby in response to manualmanipulations thereof artificial signals aredevelopedthereby independently of the master instruments to automaticallychange the direction of flight. With knowng device's, however, once the called for amount of change 'in direction was derived the unit had toxbe operated manuallyto a central po'sitionyat whichtime the automatic pilot" again assumed :prim'ary control of the craft. It is,

therefore, highly desirable .to provide a controller of taz'character' suchflthat once the required change inwdirectionfcalled for by it has been accomplished itbe returned to its neutral or central 1 position automatically without a manual centeringoperation.

Moreover, for dynamic rapidly moving :bodies suchas aircraft, itiis essential that there be an immediate :response of the related control surfaces to the initiating signal or signals. In'or'der to transmit the initiating signal whereby substantially immediate" response of the control surfaces. may be obtainedthe' controller unit must be 'direct actingwitha minimum'of parts so that lost motion and the time lag resulting therefrom maybe r'e'duced to a minimum. The flight controller unit of the aforementioned application-relied on gear systems-to transmit the app1ied* 'fd'rcesto related-signal generators thereby introducing lost motions inherent in suchsyste'm'sv rhe msve1 eontrarumt 'of the present in- 2 vention, on the other handpis designed toelimi nate the use of gear systems thereby overcoming the drawbacks ofsuch systems.

An object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a novel, improved and simplified control unit for automatic steering systemsvfor mobile craft.

Another object of the .present invention is to provide a novelcontrol. unit for automaticsteering systems for aircraft 'whereby inresponsej to the manipulation of but a single controlling means or handle automatic turns and/or changes in attitude may be obtained.

A further object. of the invention ls to -provide a novel, improved and-simplified controller unit for automatic pilot systems for aircraft whereby smoother craft flight control is provided thereby than that available heretofore Another object is to provide ainovel controller unit for automatic steering systems; for *mobile craft whereby the amount of gearing heretofore required in such-units hasbeen reducedwto a. minimum eliminating the drawbacks inherentgin known systems and thereby providing-a unit with the use of which more rapid iresponse iswderived on the part 'of the control surfacesupon manipulation of the unit.

A further object is to provide a novel control unit for automatic steering systems for; aircraft whose controlling element is adaptedfor automatically returning to its neutral-or central cpo sition when the controlling force applied thereto has been removed therefrom.

Another object 'of the present invention iswto provide anovel controller unit for automatic piloting systems for aircraft with-the useeof which the safety factor in the flying 10f aircraft will be increased. a

The above and other. objects :and advantages of the invention will appear more fully hereinafter from a consideration of the detailed *description which follows, taken togetherwith-the accompanying drawings'wherein one-embodiment of the invention is illustrated by EWZi'YdOfI'IBXEHl ple. It is tobe expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for. illustration purposes only, and are not to be construed asdefining the limits of the invention. l c i In the drawings wherein lik'e 'refrehceicharacters refer to like parts.throughout?theusev eral views Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustrationmfran automatic steering system for mobile maft em;

bodying the novel automatic-trim and/criturn controlxunit of thepresentinventibnpir-r Figure 2 is a detailed schematic illustration of the novel trim and/or turn control unit of the present invention; and,

Figure 3 is a perspective front elevational view of one practical embodiment of the control panel for operating the automatic trim and/or turn mechanism.

Referringnow to the drawings for a more detailed description of the present invention, the controller unit thereof is illustrated as embodied in an all electric automatic pilot providing three axes of control of the character shown and described in copending applications Serial No. 516,488, filed December 31, 1943, and Serial No. 516,489, filed December 31, 1943.

As more fully described in the lat er application, the control of a rudder iii, as shown in Figure 1, is derived from a gyro stabilized earth inductor type compass ii and a pick-off i2 operated from a tWo-degree-of-freedom rate gyro 2. Thecompass includes an, inductive coupling device l3 having an angularly movable rotor Mi, a motor I5 for displacing rotor i i, a comp-ass signal transmitter i6 and a magnetic clutch H for coupling rotor M with the signal transmitter under certain conditions. The signal of rotor M is amplified within compass amplifier 3 for operating motor it. A suitable centering device, designated generally with the reference character 4, is provided between transmitter i6 and clutch l1 sothat upon de-energization of clutch ii the transmitter will be centered. The compass signal transmitter is connected with the rudder channel ofan amplifier Hi, the output of which energizes a motor l9 connected to the rudder through a clutch 20. The rate signal of pick-off i2 is also impressed on the rudder channel of the amplifier through an inductive rate receiver device 2i within the novel controller unit of the present invention, generally designated with the reference character 22, to be more fully described hereinafter. Operation of rudder motor i9 displacesrudder I!) through a speed reduction gear system '5 and also an inductive follow-up device 23 developing in the latter a follow-up signal which is impressed on the rudder channel of the amplifier tobe mixed with the displacement and rate signals. I

Signals for operating aileron and elevator surfaces 24 and 25, on the other hand, are developed by'bank and pitch take-oifs 2t and 2'? arranged about the bank and pitch axes of an artificial horizon gyro 28. As a result of a banked condition, take-off 25 develops a bank signal which is communicated to the input of the aileron channel of amplifier it; through an inductive bank receiver device 29, located within unit 22', the output of the channel being connected to energize a motor 38 which connects through a clutch 3| and a spe'edreduction gear system a with aileron surfaceM. Operation of motor 39 displaces an inductivefollow-up device 32 developing a follow-u'p signal therein which is impressed on the bank signal in the amplifier to modify operation of motor an. In a similar manner, as a result bf a pitch condition, take-off 21 develops a pitch signal whichis communicated to the input of the elevator channel of amplifier [8 through an inductive pitch receiver device 33, likewise located within unit 22, the output of the pitch channel being connected to energize a motor 34 which connects through a clutch 35 and a speed reduction gear system i with elevator surface 25, operation of the motor displacing an inductive follow-up device 33 developing a follow-up signal '4 therein which is impressed on the pitch signal in the amplifier to modify operation of motor 34.

Coming now to the novel automatic control mechanism and the novel controller unit therefor constituting the subject matter of the present invention, the former is shown schematically in Figure 2 of the drawings as embodying an inductive bank device 3! (corresponding to receiver 29 of Figure 1) having a wound stator 33 and an inductively coupled rotor 39 carried by a shaft 40, an inductive rate device 41 (corresponding to receiver 2! of Figure 1) having a wound stator c2 and an inductively coupled rotor &3 carried by a shaft 44 and an inductive pitch device 45 (corresponding to receiver 33 of Figure 1) having a wound stator 4-6 and an inductively coupled rotor 47 carried by a shaft 48.

Stator 46 of the inductive pitch receiver device is mounted for angular motion relative to its rotor M by means of a tubular shaft 49 which connects through a suitable gear 59 with a pinion 5| mounted on a shaft 52 carrying a pitch trim knob 53 thereon. With the automatic pilot engaged, the craft may be forced into a climb by operating pitch trimknob 53 whereby stator 46 is displaced relative to rotor t! destroying the condition of electrical equilibrium normally existing between the transmitter stator of pitch take-off El (Figure l) and the receiver stator 46 (corresponding to the stator of receiver 33 of Figure 1) so that a pitch signal potential is induced Within rotor ll even though, at that moment, take-off 2? does not call for elevator control. The signal of rotor 47 is fed to the elevator channel of amplifier It to deflect elevator and provide craft climb. The craft will be maintained in the climb until knob 53 is returned to its neutral position. This latter position is one in which as shown in Figure 3 of the drawings, an index '54 carried by knob 53 will coincide with a fixed marker 55 carried by the housing 56 of the novel controller unit of the present invention. To force the craft into a dive, on the other hand, knob 53 is operated in a reverse direction to reverse movement of stator 46 whereby the pitch signal potential induced within rotor 41 is reversed to thereby reverse operation of the elevator servo motor 3 1.

The inductive bank receiver device 37 has its stator 38 mounted for angular motion relative to rotor 39 by means of a tubular shaft 57 which connects through a suitable gear 58 with a pinion 59 mounted on a shaft Gil carrying a bank trim knob 5i thereon. For unequal loading conditions, or for a condition where for some reason or another the condition of electrical equilibrium normally existing between the stator of the transmitter of bank device take-01f 26 (Figure 1) and the stator 38 (corresponding to the stator of bank receiver 29 of Figure 1) has been destroyed, bank trim knob 6| may be operated to angularly displace stator 38 in one direction or another relative to rotor 39 until the condition of balance has been re-established.

By means of the novelcontroller unit of the present invention, all that need be done by the human pilot to place a craft provided with the all electric automatic pilot hereinabove generally described, into an automatic turn is to merely displace a handle 62 in the direction desired. Handle 62 is supported by means of a bracket 63 (Figure 2) on inner trunnions 64 and 65 for movement about a horizontal axis within a gimbal ring 56, the latter being mounted by way of outer trunnions 61 and 68 for'movement about,

asecondhorizontaltamsperpendicular to the: first axisfl'defined by trunnions 64-65. Handle -62, mpreover, isso arranged that theouter trunnions til-68 are":parallelflwith the fore and aft "axis of the craft to thereby define 'theb'ank axis while inner trunnions 64--65 are parallel with the crafts transverseaxis'to thereby define the pitch axis? Resilient members 69,- anchored at their outer ends and fixed to outer 'trunnions -61-68 by wayxur connecting pins 10, yieldably restrain motionpf handlei62-about the craft fore and aft axis and resilient members ll, anchored at their outer endsandrfixed to inner trunnions 64,"65 by way-70f connecting ins 0 12, .yieldably iyrestrain movement of handle '62 about'the transverse axis of the icraft'so that handle 62' is returned automatically to its neutra'l or central position whenevera "displacing force applied thereto hasbeen released therefrom.

With theflarrangement .thus J far described, it will .be obvious that edisplacemen't of handle 62 in 'a direction either right or "left' "of the craft fore' and aft axis produces an angular displacement 'of gimb'al 66 about a'n axis defined 'by the outer trunnions while a displacement of the handle in a direction either right or left of the crafts transverse axis produces an angular displacement of the handle about anaxis defined by the inner trunnionsr Displacement of the handle, on the other hand, inadirection other than a right or left direction of the fore and aft axis or the transverse axis produces an angular displacement of thehan'dle about an axis defined by'the-inner trunnions as Well as an angular displacement of :gimbalring 66 about an axis defined by the outer trunnions. Thus, handle 62 is capable of universal motion whereby displacement of the handle in any direction is resolved into two horizontal components perpendicular to each other, one being a displacement perpendicular to the fore and aft axis of the craft and the other being a displacement perpendicular to the craft transverse axis. The direction and amountof displacement of the handle, therefore, determines the magnitude of the horizontal components into which the displacement is resolved.

Attached to gimbal ring 66 isa bracket 13 supporting a rod between its spaced ends which engages a link 15 by way of a slot 16 formed in the latter. the link .15 being connected by way of a pin 11 to one arm (80f a crank 19 mounted for pivotal motion by way of a shaft 80. Rotor supporting shaft 40 of the inductive bank device 31 supports at one of its ends a bracket 8| provided with a pin 82 which engages a second arm 63 of crank 19 by wayof a slot 84 formed in the latter arm for that-purpose. The opposite end of shaft 40 has secured thereto a gear85 which meshes with a .gear 86; the outer toothedpe riphery of which engages a gear 81 attached to a hub '88 of a locking device 89 sleeved on a shaft "90 which is normally locked by means of a screw '9! to device 89 whereby gear 81 and a gear 92 attached to thelower end of shaft 90 move in unison. This latter arrangement constitutes an airspeed adjustment linkage.

Gear 86 is further provided with a toothed inner periphery for engagement with a gear 93 secured to ashaft 94 whose free end is fixed through a disc 95 to a gear 96 meshing with gear 92-. Gear 93, onthe other hand, supports near its periphery'a pin 91 through which'it engages a lever 98 by Wayof a suitable slot 99, the lever being mounted 'forpivotal motion by way of a shaft 100. .The oppositevendzoilthe; lever is prov 3 need with a slot I of "for cozinecticnito rotor sim porting shaft 44 of the zinductive rate device l t through a pin IOZ andabracket1 03. a l 1 The component or the displacement of handle 62 in a plane perpendicular to the crafttore and aft axis resultsin angular 'displacementctgimbal ring 6-6 about outer'trunnions 61- 68,L 'such mo-. tion being translated by bracket 13 ammed into linear motion of. link 15 whic'h produces an angular movement of crank 1 9 ab'out shaft By virtue of slot stand-pint? crank motion is imparted: toshaft 48 to therebyuisplace' rotorl 39 relative to st'ator 3-8' o'f the inductive bank de vice. As a resultor such rotor displaeemenu th'e resultant magnetic :"fild of stator :winding 1-38- is no longer normal to the "electrical axis otxroton winding 39 inducing'in the latter abank'potentiai signal.

At "the same ti'nie, 'shaft =40 b l m'eansvioi i-gear 85, meshing with the ?outer' iperipheryvroixrgear 86, imparts motion to gear r81 'which,-wdue: to being locked with -shaft "90 "through 'devicefiaa causes gear 92 to move inuniscn therewithi and to drive gear 96 :t'ol move iniunisonxwitnr'gear 06. Due to m'otion in unison or ears" 86w1iand 96, gear 93 i has no motion imparted rtheretc relative to gear 86 but moves with the latter igear thereby causing pin91t'o move in the path or an are having 'for its axis the 'centerfi'of.:gearu86z Angular motion of pin 91 causes a disp'laeement of lever 98 about-shaft l001which through pin 1 02 and bracket I03 angularly displacesirotor 43 relative to stator windings 1210f inductive rate device M, whereby theresultant'magnetic field of the stator is no longer normal 1 tom the electricalaxis of rotor Winding :43 thus inducing a rate of turn potential inthe latter.

A switch 104 consisting of fixed fingers 111 0.5 and I06 secured to an insulating block 10 11am a current conducting pin I08, carried=by aminsulating collar I09 which is securely fastened-2th trunnionG'l, is employed to connectthe coil H!!! of magneticclutch l1 (Figural) with a battery III by way of leadsla and 9. Displacement of gimbal ring 66 about .trunnions tilt-438, opena switch lMwhereby pin 108 is angularlyl' displaced from fingers I05 and 106 causingscontactbetween the pin and the fingers to bebroken whereupon coil N0 of the magnetic clutchis de energized: so that the direction signal fromxcbmpass 711? is disconnected from the .rudder channel of'thel amplifier during an automatic turn. Fora-more complete and detailed description of the theory' and operation of clutch IT in the-electric 'auto matic pilot reference is made to the atorem'emtioned copendingapplications.

If it is desired to adjust the airspeed linkage for a cruising or some other: "speed, it 'is 'only necessary to loosen screw 9| from locking device 89 whereby shaft 90 becomes free and maybe turned to any desired extent as a resu-ltof whichgear 96 is displaced relative to. gear BEWhich-is;

held fast by gear whereupon-gear 93- moves along the toothed inner periphery of gear 86 to displace pin 91 relative to slot 99 of lever 98. Such adjustment determines the amount of motion of lever 98 and, therefora of rotor 43 relative to its stator 42 for a given-displacement of handle 62. Pin '91 is normally positioned for. cruising speeds substantially as shown in Figure 2 and is moved inwardly for increasing airspeeds so that for extremely high speeds little or no displacement is obtained on the part of rotor-I43.

The outer ends of handle bracket 63 54sui'lpoirtw a rod 1 12 therein which normallylrestsbetween 7 apalrof fingers H3 and H4 supported at one end of a bracketLllS, the opposite end of the bracket being fastened to one end of a shaft llfi loosely sleeved within trunnion 51. The opposite end of shaft H6 engages with a bifurcated portion ll! of a lever H8 pivotally mounted by way of a shaft H9. Rotor supporting shaft 68 of the inductive pitch device 45 is connected to the free end of lever H8 by way of a bracket I20 and a link I21.

The component of the displacement of handle 62 in a plane parallel to the fore and aft axis of the craft providesno movement on the part of gimbal ring 66 but does produce angular displacement of the handle about trunnions M tt carrying rod H2 therewith which displaces both bracket H5 and shaft H6 therewith as a result of which lever H8 is displaced about shaft H9 to thereby displace rotor winding ll relative to its stator 46 whereby the resultant magnetic field of stator 46 is no longer normal to the electrical axis of the rotor inducing a pitch signal potential in the latter.

It will now be readily apparent tothose skilled in'the art that by operating handle 62, bank, pitch and turn signals are developed in inductive devices 31, 45 and 4| independently of their master instrument, i. e., bank take-off 26, pitch takeoff 21, and rate of turn take-01f l 2 whereby aileron, elevator and rudder surfaces are deflected the proper amount to place the craft in a bank, pitch (climb or dive) and/or turn condition, surface deflection continuing until the follow-back signals of inductive devices 23, 32 and 36 (Figure l) are equal and opposite to the bank, pitch and turn signals of inductive devices El, 65 and ti. As the craft condition called for by the movement of the handle 62 is attained, signals are developed by the take-offs 2'5, 2? and 12 of the artificial horizon and rate gyros to wash out the signals developed by inductive devices 37, t5 and 4|. At that point, the follow-back signals of inductive devices 23, 32 and 36 being at a maximum act to reverse operation of motors i9, 3i! and 34 to center rudder, aileron and elevator surfaces I0, 24 and 25, the craft remaining in the desired attitude. Should the craft, thereafter, depart from the latter attitude, the master instruments will operate to return the craft to the desired attitude. Once the new attitude or course is attained, the force applied to handle 62 is released therefrom and it is automatically returned to its central or neutral position, centering the rotors of inductive devices Ill, 45 and 4| therewith.

Switch H14, which was open when handle E52 was displaced about both of its horizontal axes of freedom, is closed when the handle has returned to its neutral or central position to thereby energize coil I (Figure 1) of magnetic clutch I! whereby compass ll takes over and maintains control of rudder iii.

One practical embodiment of a control panel for controlling the novel turn mechanism of Figure 2, is shown in Figure 3 and as there illustrated, the housing 58 encloses the entire turn mechanism which is supported by a frame (not shown) arranged within the housing 5%, the latter being provided with a series of openings E25 for securing the unit to the craft. The housing 58, moreover, is provided with a threaded disc 126 which, when removed, provides ready access to the free end of airspeed adjustment shaft 90 of Figure 2.

56 of the controller unit is secured to the craft so that displacementof handle 62 in a direction parallel to the fore and aft axis of the'craft develops a pitch signal in the rotor of inductive device 45 while a displacement of the handle 62 in a direction parallel to the transverse axis of the craft develops bank and turn signals in the rotors of inductive devices 37 and M. A displacement of the handle 62 to the right of the fore and aft axis causes the craft to turn and bank to the right while a displacement of the handle 62 to the left produces a turn and bank to the left. A displacement of the handle 62 forward (parallel with the fore and aft axis) causes the craft to dive while a displacement of the handle 62 rearwardly produces a climb. A displacement of the handle 62 in any direction other than those discussed above, causes the craft to turn, bank and pitch simultaneously, the magnitude and direction of each depending on the magnitude and direction of displacement. To enable the pilot to secure a firm and steady grasp, a pistol type grip l2? (Figure 3) is attached to handle 62, this handle, if desired, being provided with a switch operating button Zlifl. A protective rubber boot 128 joins grip 527 with the top of housin 56.

At its forward end, housing 56 is provided with an opening for accommodating bank trim knob 6i therein which is arranged so that its axis of movement is parallel to the craft fore and aft axis so that displacement of knob ti to the left imparts a left bank to the craft while a displacement of the knob 5! to the right imparts a right bank to the craft. The knob 6|, further, is provided with a marker :29 at its periphery which cooperates with an index i311 located on the housmg. 238, stator 38 of the inductive bank device 3! is at an electrical null relative to its rotor 39. Moreover, L and R designations as shown may be provided to inform the pilot of the direction of the bank trim set in by knob 6! relative to index l3ll.

Pitch trim knob 53 is so arranged in housing 55 that its axis .of rotation is parallel to the transverse axis of the craft so that displacement of knob 53 forwardly imparts a nose down attitude to the craft while displacement of the knob 53 rearwardly imparts a nose up attitude to the craft. In addition to index 54 and fixed marker 55, designations Down and Up may be provided as shown to inform the pilot of the pitch trim set in by knob 53.

In addition to switch Hi l for disconnecting the compass during a turn, the system also includes a power switch 28! in series with a servo clutch switch 202, the latter also being adapted for operation by a pilots emergency switch 2&3. The

purpose and operation of these various switches being described in greater detail in the aforementioned copending application Serial No. 516,488.

The novel automatic turn control mechanism including the novel compact controller panel ar- When marker 929 is aligned with index knobs GI and 53. Moreover, a combination of turns and climbs or turns and dives may also be executed or the craft quickly thrown from a correctly banked turn in one direction to a correctly banked turn in an opposite direction.

Although but one embodiment of the present invention has been illustrated and described in detail, it is to be expressly understood that the invention is not limited thereto. Various changes may be made in the design and arrangement of the parts without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as will now be understood by those skilled in the art. For a definition of the limits of the invention reference will be had primarily to the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A control unit for an aircraft automatic steerin system having rudder, aileron and elevator actuating motors, said unit comprising displaceable turn, bank and pitch signal developing devices for operating said motors, means operatively connecting said bank signal developing device to said turn signal developing device whereby said turn signal developin device is displaced a predetermined amount for a given amount of movement of said bank signal developing device, a universally mounted manually operable member connected to said pitch and bank signal developing devices for displacing the latter selectively or in unison, and biasing means operative upon termination of manual operation of said member for returning said pitch and bank signal developing devices to a no-signal developing position.

2. A control unit for an aircraft automatic steering system having rudder, aileron and elevator actuating motors, said unit comprising a casing and displaceable turn, bank and pitch signal developing devices mounted within said casing for operating said motors, an airspeed adjustment linkage operatively connecting said bank signal developing device to said turn signal developing device whereby said turn signal develvator actuating motors, said unit comprising displaceable inductive turn, bank and pitch signal developing devices for operating said motors, airspeed adjustment means operatively connecting said bank signal developin device to said turn signal developing device whereby said turn signal developing device is displaced a predetermined amount fora given amount of movement of said bank signal developing device, a universally mounted manually operable member connected to said pitch and bank signal developing devices for displacing the latter selectively or in unison, and yieldable means operative upon termination of manual operation of said member for returning said pitch and bank signal developing devices to a no-signal developing position.

3. A control unit for an aircraft automatic steering system having rudder, aileron and elevator actuating motors, said unit comprising a casing and displaceable turn, bank and pitch signal developin devices mounted within said casing for operating said motors, air speed adjustment means operatively connecting said bank signal developing device to said turn signal developing device whereby said turn signal developing device is displaced a predetermined amount for a given amount of movement of said bank signal developing device, means comprising a.

manually operable pistol grip member universally mounted within said casing and connected to said pitch and bank signal developing devices for displacing the latter selectively or in unison,

oping device is displaced a predetermined amount for a given amount of movement of said bank signal developing device, means comprising a manually operable pistol grip member universally mounted within said casing and connected to said pitch and bank signal developing devices for displacing the latter selectively or in unison, yieldable means operative upon termination of manual operation of said member for returning said pitch and bank signal developing devices to a no-signal developing position, and trim means supported on said casing for displacin at least one of said bank and pitch signal developing devices independently of said yieldable means and said pistol grip member.

5. A control unit for an aircraft automatic steering system having rudder and aileron actuating motors, said unit comprising displaceable turn and bank signal developing devices for operatin said motors, means operatively connecting said bank signal developing device to said turn signal developing device whereby said turn signal developing device is displaced a predetermined amount for a given amount of movement of said bank signal developing device, a universally mounted manually operable handle connected to said bank signal device for displacing the latter, and biasing means operative upon termination of manual operation of said handle for returning said bank signal developing device to a no-signal developing position.

6. A control unit for an aircraft automatic steering system having rudder and aileron actuating motors, said unit comprising displaceable inductive turn and bank signal developing devices for operating said motors, an airspeed ad- Justment linkage operatively connecting said bank signal developing device to said turn signal developing device whereby said turn signal developing device is displaced a predetermined amount for a given amount of movement of said bank signal developing device, a universally mounted manually operable member connected to said bank signal device for displacing the latter, and biasing means operative upon termination of manual operation of said member for returning said bank signal developing device to a no-signal developing position.

F. HENRY S. ROSSIRE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in file of this patent: the

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